Baturyn is located about 170 km to the north form Kyiv. Baturyn is a historic town that
struggled a lot many centuries ago for the independence of Ukraine
and ended up paying a horrible price. It is located in Chernihiv
Oblast, on the south bank of the Seim River, in northern Ukraine.
Baturyn is around 180 kilometers away from the city of Kiev. It’s a
must-see village for tourists, because it unfolds many historic
events that took place a few hundred years ago.
In XVII century, when the hetmans
headed Ukraine, Baturyn was their residence. The four famous hetmans
of Left-Bank Ukraine were: Demyan Mnogogrishniv, Ivan Samoylovych,
Ivan Mazepa (1669-1708) and the last Ukrainian hetman Kyrylo
Rozumovsky (1750-1764).
Ivan Mazepa commissioned many churches
and constructed the large, seven-domed brick Holy Trinity Cathedral
in 1692, Saint Nicholas’s Church in 1696-1698 and 4 wooden churches
in Baturyn. The city thrived under his rule. It increased in size as
well as population and boasted around 20,000 residents. It had 40
churches and chapels, 2 monasteries as well as a college.
In October 1708, Mazepa and his troops
sided with the Swedish King Charles XII and supported the war against
Russia. He turned against the Russian Emperor Peter I even though he
had a good relationship with the King. On October 29, 1708, field
marshal Alexander Menshikov was ordered to annihilate the hetman
capital. On November 1, the Russian army came to the fortress. On
November 2, a traitor, Col. Ivan Nis, led the invaders thorough a
secret passageway into the fortress and this is when Baturyn fell.
The Russian army slaughtered men, women and children without showing
any mercy at all. Around 7000 soldiers, who were defending the town,
were brutally killed. Almost an equal number of residents were killed
as well. The town was robbed and totally ruined. According to
historians, between 11000 and 14000 people were killed that day. It
was undoubtedly the saddest day in the history of Baturyn and
Ukraine.
There are many historic places in
Baturyn and Rozumovsky Palace is one of them. The last hetman, Kyrylo
Rozumovsky, rebuilt the town and hired an architect to build him a
palace. It was originally designed by Andrey Kvasov in the Baroque
style and later it was rebuilt by the Scottish architect Charles
Cameron in the neoclassical style in 1799-1803.
A monument was built in 2004 in
remembrance of the victims of the 1708 massacre. You will also see
Baturyn Fortress, the Resurrection Church, the Kochubei residence
that has the General Court Hall Museum and many other great
historical places.
Baturyn has several beautiful
landscapes along with all those amazing sites. When you visit the
town, it will take you several hours to see the entire city. You will
certainly have a great time when you explore this amazing city.
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Baturyn fortress |
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Citadel walls |
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Razumovskyi palace in Baturyn |
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Inside the citadel |
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Kochubey building in Baturyn |
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Razumovskyi palace in Baturyn - main building |